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SkeletonView

October 3, 2023

Features • Guides • Installation • Usage • Miscellaneous • Contributing

🌎 README is available in other languages: 🇪🇸 . 🇨🇳 . 🇧🇷 . 🇰🇷 . 🇫🇷 . 🇩🇪

Today almost all apps have async processes, such as API requests, long running processes, etc. While the processes are working, usually developers place a loading view to show users that something is going on.

SkeletonView has been conceived to address this need, an elegant way to show users that something is happening and also prepare them for which contents are waiting.

Enjoy it! 🙂

🌟Features

Easy to use
All UIViews are skeletonables
Fully customizable
Universal (iPhone & iPad)
Interface Builder friendly
Simple Swift syntax
Lightweight readable codebase

🎬Guides


SkeletonView Guides – Getting started	How to Create Loading View with Skeleton View in Swift 5.2 by iKh4ever Studio	Create Skeleton Loading View in App (Swift 5) – Xcode 11, 2020 by iOS Academy	Cómo crear una ANIMACIÓN de CARGA de DATOS en iOS by MoureDev

Installation

CocoaPods:


                                              
                                                pod ‘SkeletonView’

Carthage:


                                              
                                                github “Juanpe/SkeletonView”

Swift Package Manager:


                                              
                                                dependencies: [

.package(url: “https://github.com/Juanpe/SkeletonView.git”, from: “1.7.0”)

]

📣 IMPORTANT!

Since version 1.30.0, SkeletonView supports XCFrameworks, so if you want to install it as a XCFramework, please use this repo instead.

🐒Usage

Only 3 steps needed to use SkeletonView:

1️⃣ Import SkeletonView in proper place.


                                              
                                                import SkeletonView

2️⃣ Now, set which views will be skeletonables. You achieve this in two ways:

Using code:


                                              
                                                avatarImageView.isSkeletonable = true

Using IB/Storyboards:

3️⃣ Once you’ve set the views, you can show the skeleton. To do so, you have 4 choices:


                                              
                                                (1) view.showSkeleton() // Solid

(2) view.showGradientSkeleton() // Gradient

(3) view.showAnimatedSkeleton() // Solid animated

(4) view.showAnimatedGradientSkeleton() // Gradient animated

Preview

Solid	Gradient	Solid Animated	Gradient Animated

📣 IMPORTANT!

SkeletonView is recursive, so if you want show the skeleton in all skeletonable views, you only need to call the show method in the main container view. For example, with UIViewControllers.

🌿Collections

SkeletonView is compatible with UITableView and UICollectionView.

UITableView

If you want to show the skeleton in a UITableView, you need to conform to SkeletonTableViewDataSource protocol.


                                              
                                                public protocol SkeletonTableViewDataSource: UITableViewDataSource {

func numSections(in collectionSkeletonView: UITableView) -> Int // Default: 1

func collectionSkeletonView(_ skeletonView: UITableView, numberOfRowsInSection section: Int) -> Int

func collectionSkeletonView(_ skeletonView: UITableView, cellIdentifierForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> ReusableCellIdentifier

func collectionSkeletonView(_ skeletonView: UITableView, skeletonCellForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UITableViewCell? // Default: nil

func collectionSkeletonView(_ skeletonView: UITableView, prepareCellForSkeleton cell: UITableViewCell, at indexPath: IndexPath)

}

As you can see, this protocol inherits from UITableViewDataSource, so you can replace this protocol with the skeleton protocol.

This protocol has a default implementation for some methods. For example, the number of rows for each section is calculated in runtime:


                                              
                                                func collectionSkeletonView(_ skeletonView: UITableView, numberOfRowsInSection section: Int) -> Int

// Default:

// It calculates how many cells need to populate whole tableview

📣 IMPORTANT!

If you return UITableView.automaticNumberOfSkeletonRows in the above method, it acts like the default behavior (i.e. it calculates how many cells needed to populate the whole tableview).

There is only one method you need to implement to let Skeleton know the cell identifier. This method doesn’t have default implementation:


                                              
                                                func collectionSkeletonView(_ skeletonView: UITableView, cellIdentifierForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> ReusableCellIdentifier {

return “CellIdentifier”

}

By default, the library dequeues the cells from each indexPath, but you can also do this if you want to make some changes before the skeleton appears:


                                              
                                                func collectionSkeletonView(_ skeletonView: UITableView, skeletonCellForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UITableViewCell? {

let cell = skeletonView.dequeueReusableCell(withIdentifier: “CellIdentifier”, for: indexPath) as? Cell

cell?.textField.isHidden = indexPath.row == 0

return cell

}

If you prefer to leave the deque part to the library you can configure the cell using this method:


                                              
                                                func collectionSkeletonView(_ skeletonView: UITableView, prepareCellForSkeleton cell: UITableViewCell, at indexPath: IndexPath) {

let cell = cell as? Cell

cell?.textField.isHidden = indexPath.row == 0

}

Besides, you can skeletonize both the headers and footers. You need to conform to SkeletonTableViewDelegate protocol.


                                              
                                                public protocol SkeletonTableViewDelegate: UITableViewDelegate {

func collectionSkeletonView(_ skeletonView: UITableView, identifierForHeaderInSection section: Int) -> ReusableHeaderFooterIdentifier? // default: nil

func collectionSkeletonView(_ skeletonView: UITableView, identifierForFooterInSection section: Int) -> ReusableHeaderFooterIdentifier? // default: nil

}

📣 IMPORTANT!

1️⃣ If you are using resizable cells (tableView.rowHeight = UITableViewAutomaticDimension), it’s mandatory define the estimatedRowHeight.

2️⃣ When you add elements in a UITableViewCell you should add it to contentView and not to the cell directly.


                                              
                                                self.contentView.addSubview(titleLabel) ✅

self.addSubview(titleLabel) ❌

UICollectionView

For UICollectionView, you need to conform to SkeletonCollectionViewDataSource protocol.


                                              
                                                public protocol SkeletonCollectionViewDataSource: UICollectionViewDataSource {

func numSections(in collectionSkeletonView: UICollectionView) -> Int // default: 1

func collectionSkeletonView(_ skeletonView: UICollectionView, numberOfItemsInSection section: Int) -> Int

func collectionSkeletonView(_ skeletonView: UICollectionView, cellIdentifierForItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> ReusableCellIdentifier

func collectionSkeletonView(_ skeletonView: UICollectionView, supplementaryViewIdentifierOfKind: String, at indexPath: IndexPath) -> ReusableCellIdentifier? // default: nil

func collectionSkeletonView(_ skeletonView: UICollectionView, skeletonCellForItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UICollectionViewCell? // default: nil

func collectionSkeletonView(_ skeletonView: UICollectionView, prepareCellForSkeleton cell: UICollectionViewCell, at indexPath: IndexPath)

func collectionSkeletonView(_ skeletonView: UICollectionView, prepareViewForSkeleton view: UICollectionReusableView, at indexPath: IndexPath)

}

The rest of the process is the same as UITableView

🔠Texts

When using elements with text, SkeletonView draws lines to simulate text.

You can set some properties for multilines elements.

Property	Type	Default
lastLineFillPercent	`CGFloat`	`70`
linesCornerRadius	`Int`	`0`
skeletonLineSpacing	`CGFloat`	`10`
skeletonPaddingInsets	`UIEdgeInsets`	`.zero`
skeletonTextLineHeight	`SkeletonTextLineHeight`	`.fixed(15)`
skeletonTextNumberOfLines	`SkeletonTextNumberOfLines`	`.inherited`

To modify the percent or radius using code, set the properties:


                                              
                                                descriptionTextView.lastLineFillPercent = 50

descriptionTextView.linesCornerRadius = 5

Or, if you prefer use IB/Storyboard:

How to define the number of lines?

By default, the number of lines is the same as the value of the numberOfLines property. And, if it’s set to zero, it’ll calculate how many lines are needed to populate the whole skeleton and draw it.

However, if you want to set a specific number of skeleton lines you can do it by setting the skeletonTextNumberOfLines property. This property has two possible values, inherited which returns numberOfLines value and custom(Int) which returns the specific number of lines specified as the associated value.

For example:


                                              
                                                label.skeletonTextNumberOfLines = 3 // .custom(3)

⚠️ DEPRECATED!

useFontLineHeight has been deprecated. You can use skeletonTextLineHeight instead:


                                              
                                                descriptionTextView.skeletonTextLineHeight = .relativeToFont

📣 IMPORTANT!

Please note that for views without multiple lines, the single line will be considered as the last line.

🦋Appearance

The skeletons have a default appearance. So, when you don’t specify the color, gradient or multilines properties, SkeletonView uses the default values.

Default values:

tintColor: UIColor
- default: .skeletonDefault (same as .clouds but adaptive to dark mode)
gradient: SkeletonGradient
- default: SkeletonGradient(baseColor: .skeletonDefault)
multilineHeight: CGFloat
- default: 15
multilineSpacing: CGFloat
- default: 10
multilineLastLineFillPercent: Int
- default: 70
multilineCornerRadius: Int
- default: 0
skeletonCornerRadius: CGFloat (IBInspectable) (Make your skeleton view with corner)
- default: 0

To get these default values you can use SkeletonAppearance.default. Using this property you can set the values as well:


                                              
                                                SkeletonAppearance.default.multilineHeight = 20

SkeletonAppearance.default.tintColor = .green

⚠️ DEPRECATED!

useFontLineHeight has been deprecated. You can use textLineHeight instead:


                                              
                                                SkeletonAppearance.default.textLineHeight = .relativeToFont

Custom colors

You can decide which color the skeleton is tinted with. You only need to pass as a parameter the color or gradient you want.

Using solid colors


                                              
                                                view.showSkeleton(usingColor: UIColor.gray) // Solid

// or

view.showSkeleton(usingColor: UIColor(red: 25.0, green: 30.0, blue: 255.0, alpha: 1.0))

Using gradients


                                              
                                                let gradient = SkeletonGradient(baseColor: UIColor.midnightBlue)

view.showGradientSkeleton(usingGradient: gradient) // Gradient

Besides, SkeletonView features 20 flat colors 🤙🏼

UIColor.turquoise, UIColor.greenSea, UIColor.sunFlower, UIColor.flatOrange ...

Image captured from website https://flatuicolors.com

🏃‍♀️Animations

SkeletonView has two built-in animations, pulse for solid skeletons and sliding for gradients.

Besides, if you want to do your own skeleton animation, it’s really easy.

Skeleton provides the showAnimatedSkeleton function which has a SkeletonLayerAnimation closure where you can define your custom animation.


                                              
                                                public typealias SkeletonLayerAnimation = (CALayer) -> CAAnimation

You can call the function like this:


                                              
                                                view.showAnimatedSkeleton { (layer) -> CAAnimation in

let animation = CAAnimation()

// Customize here your animation
return animation

}

It’s available SkeletonAnimationBuilder. It’s a builder to make SkeletonLayerAnimation.

Today, you can create sliding animations for gradients, deciding the direction and setting the duration of the animation (default = 1.5s).


                                              
                                                // func makeSlidingAnimation(withDirection direction: GradientDirection, duration: CFTimeInterval = 1.5) -> SkeletonLayerAnimation
let animation = SkeletonAnimationBuilder().makeSlidingAnimation(withDirection: .leftToRight)

view.showAnimatedGradientSkeleton(usingGradient: gradient, animation: animation)

GradientDirection is an enum, with theses cases:

Direction	Preview
.leftRight
.rightLeft
.topBottom
.bottomTop
.topLeftBottomRight
.bottomRightTopLeft

😉 TRICK!

Exist another way to create sliding animations, just using this shortcut:


                                              
                                                let animation = GradientDirection.leftToRight.slidingAnimation()

🏄 Transitions

SkeletonView has built-in transitions to show or hide the skeletons in a smoother way 🤙

To use the transition, simply add the transition parameter to your showSkeleton() or hideSkeleton() function with the transition time, like this:


                                              
                                                view.showSkeleton(transition: .crossDissolve(0.25)) //Show skeleton cross dissolve transition with 0.25 seconds fade time

view.hideSkeleton(transition: .crossDissolve(0.25)) //Hide skeleton cross dissolve transition with 0.25 seconds fade time

The default value is crossDissolve(0.25)

Preview

None	Cross dissolve

✨ Miscellaneous

Hierarchy

Since SkeletonView is recursive, and we want skeleton to be very efficient, we want to stop recursion as soon as possible. For this reason, you must set the container view as Skeletonable, because Skeleton will stop looking for skeletonable subviews as soon as a view is not Skeletonable, breaking then the recursion.

Because an image is worth a thousand words:

In this example we have a UIViewController with a ContainerView and a UITableView. When the view is ready, we show the skeleton using this method:


                                              
                                                view.showSkeleton()

isSkeletonable= ☠️

Configuration	Result

Skeleton views layout

Sometimes skeleton layout may not fit your layout because the parent view bounds have changed. ~~For example, rotating the device.~~

You can relayout the skeleton views like so:


                                              
                                                override func viewDidLayoutSubviews() {

view.layoutSkeletonIfNeeded()

}

📣 IMPORTANT!

You shouldn’t call this method. From version 1.8.1 you don’t need to call this method, the library does automatically. So, you can use this method ONLY in the cases when you need to update the layout of the skeleton manually.

Update skeleton

You can change the skeleton configuration at any time like its colour, animation, etc. with the following methods:


                                              
                                                (1) view.updateSkeleton() // Solid

(2) view.updateGradientSkeleton() // Gradient

(3) view.updateAnimatedSkeleton() // Solid animated

(4) view.updateAnimatedGradientSkeleton() // Gradient animated

Hiding views when the animation starts

Sometimes you wanna hide some view when the animation starts, so there is a quick property that you can use to make this happen:


                                              
                                                view.isHiddenWhenSkeletonIsActive = true // This works only when isSkeletonable = true

Don’t modify user interaction when the skeleton is active

By default, the user interaction is disabled for skeletonized items, but if you don’t want to modify the user interaction indicator when skeleton is active, you can use the isUserInteractionDisabledWhenSkeletonIsActive property:


                                              
                                                view.isUserInteractionDisabledWhenSkeletonIsActive = false // The view will be active when the skeleton will be active.

Don’t use the font line height for the skeleton lines in labels

False to disable skeleton to auto-adjust to font height for a UILabel or UITextView. By default, the skeleton lines height is auto-adjusted to font height to more accurately reflect the text in the label rect rather than using the bounding box.


                                              
                                                label.useFontLineHeight = false

Delayed show skeleton

You can delay the presentation of the skeleton if the views update quickly.


                                              
                                                func showSkeleton(usingColor: UIColor,

animated: Bool,

delay: TimeInterval,

transition: SkeletonTransitionStyle)


                                              
                                                func showGradientSkeleton(usingGradient: SkeletonGradient,

animated: Bool,

delay: TimeInterval,

transition: SkeletonTransitionStyle)

Debug

To facilitate the debug tasks when something is not working fine. SkeletonView has some new tools.

First, UIView has available a property with his skeleton info:


                                              
                                                var sk.skeletonTreeDescription: String

Besides, you can activate the new debug mode. You just add the environment variable SKELETON_DEBUG and activate it.

Then, when the skeleton appears, you can see the view hierarchy in the Xcode console.


                                              
                                                {

“type” : “UIView”, // UITableView, UILabel…

“isSkeletonable” : true,

“reference” : “0x000000014751ce30”,

“children” : [

{

“type” : “UIView”,

“isSkeletonable” : true,

“children” : [ … ],

“reference” : “0x000000014751cfa0”

}

]

}

Supported OS & SDK Versions

iOS 9.0+
tvOS 9.0+
Swift 5.3

GitHub

View Github

#animation #carthage #facebook #facebookanimation #gradient #hacktoberfest #ios #iosanimation #iosuiview #loading #loadinganimation #loadinganimations #placeholder #redacted #shimmer #skeleton #swift #swiftpackagemanager #uicollectionview #uitableview